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INTEGRATION OF NATGRID WITH NPR || WHAT IS GANDIVA

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  NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) NATGRID is India's integrated intelligence platform, established under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) primarily for counter-terrorism and internal security purposes. It was conceptualized in 2009 following the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks (26/11), which exposed gaps in intelligence sharing among agencies. Purpose : Connects databases from over 20 government and private sources (e.g., banking, telecom, immigration, air/rail travel, tax records, Aadhaar-linked data, and Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS)) to provide real-time, secure access to authorized agencies. This enables quick pattern recognition and a "360-degree view" of suspects without agencies needing to query multiple sources individually. Access : Initially limited to 11 central agencies (e.g., IB, RAW, NIA, CBI, ED, NCB, FIU, CBDT, CBIC, DRI). By 2025, expanded to state police officers at Superintendent of Police (SP) rank and above. Current Statu...
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The Kimberly Process (latest News)

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  The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (2003) is a UN-supported, multistakeholder initiative aimed at preventing the trade in conflict diamonds which financed civil wars in Africa. It mandates certification, sealed shipments and trade only among member states. For India, the scheme is critical as it is the world’s largest cutting and polishing hub. The Department of Commerce acts as the nodal agency while Customs and GJEPC ensure implementation. KP enhances credibility of Indian exports, curbs smuggling and supports employment-intensive gems and jewellery industries. However, the scheme faces criticisms: its narrow definition excludes human-rights violations by state actors, enforcement remains weak, and traceability loopholes persist. Political sensitivities often slow reforms. Going forward, strengthening peer review, integrating technology-based traceability, and cautiously widening the mandate through consensus will be essential. For India, a robust KP enhances ethi...
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Tribal Movements in India

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  The Tribal population is conservative and is always interested in retaining the features of their society. Tribal movements were inspired by revolutionary tendencies. They tend to fight and eliminate ill- tendencies that attempt to change the structure of the tribal society. A summary of the Tribal Rebellions during British rule in India is given below. Causes of Movements 1.             Extension of settled agriculture led to influx of non tribals in the tribal areas. These outsiders exploited them and extension of settled agriculture led to the loss of land by the tribals which reduced them to agricultural labourers. 2.             Increasing demand for raw materials and railways, leading to increasing control of government over forest land. 3.             The establishment of the Forest department in 1864...
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Syllabus for the Exam of Patwari to be Conducted by HPRCA (2025-26)

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  The HP Patwari Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2026 has been officially released by the Himachal Pradesh Rajya Chayan Aayog, and candidates must carefully follow these details to prepare correctly. The exam pattern includes a 120-mark written test with 120 MCQs. The HPRCA Patwari syllabus cover General Knowledge of Himachal Pradesh, Current Affairs, Everyday Science, Logical Reasoning, Social Science, General English, and General Hindi of Matric level and subjects related to the prescribed qualification, helping candidates understand exactly what to study for better scoring.   Syllabus for the Exam of Patwari to be Conducted by HPRCA Part- A               (Syllabus upto 10+2)   I.              SOCIAL SCIENCE   1.      HISTORY i.       Indian History:- (a)    Ancient...
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