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ORGANISATIONS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT


1. Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)

  •  The Animal Welfare Board of India is a statutory advisory body to the Government established in 1962 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.
  • Well-known humanitarian Smt. Rukmini Devi Arundale was instrumental in setting up the board and was its first chair.
  • Initially it was within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Later in 1990, the subject of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was transferred to the MoEFCC.
  •  Headquarters  -  Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
  • FUNCTION:
  •  It oversees Animal Welfare Organisations (AWOs) by granting them recognition if they meet its guidelines.
  • It appoints key people to the positions of (Hon) Animal Welfare Officers, who serve as the key point of contact between the people, the government and law enforcement agencies. 
  • It provides financial assistance to recognised AWOs, who submit applications to the Board. 
  • It suggests changes to laws and rules about animal welfare issues. o It issues publications to raise awareness of various animal welfare issues.

2. National Green Tribunal 

  • The National Green Tribunal has been established under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
  • It provides effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources
  •  Enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property
  • The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
  • Any person aggrieved by an award, decision, or order of the Tribunal may appeal to the Supreme Court within 90 days of commencement of award but Supreme Court can entertain appeal even after 90 days if appellant satisfied SC by giving sufficient reasons.
  • The Chairman of the tribunal is required to be a serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court or a judge of the Supreme Court of India
  • JURISDICTION: The Tribunal has Original Jurisdiction on matters of “substantial question relating to environment”. The powers of tribunal related to an award are equivalent to civil court. New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other 4 places of sitting of the Tribunal

3.  The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) 

  • TERI is a non-profit policy research organisation that conducts research work in the fields of energy, environment and sustainable development.
  • The mission is to usher transitions to a cleaner and sustainable future through the conservation and efficient use of Earth's resources and innovative ways of minimizing and reusing waste.
  • TERI was established in 1974 as an information centre on energy issues.
  • International Centre for Climate Governance (ICCG), an international body which focuses on climate policies, has ranked The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) second among the top think tanks in the world. ICCG is an internationally-renowned body whose activities focus on the design of climate policy and related governance issues.
  • In 2013, it was ranked as the topmost global think-tank by the ICCG.

4. National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) 

  • India’s and Asia’s first Dolphin Research Centre will be set up on the banks of the Ganga river in Patna University campus in Patna, Bihar. It will be named- National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC).
  • The announcement for the centre was made on the occasion of Dolphin day (October 5), observed in Bihar.  NDRC will play important role in strengthening conservation efforts and research to save endangered mammal whose population is decreasing.
  • The Gangetic Dolphins or susu, inhabits the Ganges Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.
  • It is classified as endangered by the IUCN. o Gangetic river dolphins fall under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act.
  • The survival of the Ganges River dolphin is threatened by unintentional killing through entanglement in fishing gear; directed harvest for dolphin oil, which is used as a fish attractant and for medicinal purposes; water development projects (e.g. water extraction and the construction of barrages, high dams, and embankments); industrial waste and pesticides; municipal sewage discharge and noise from vessel traffic; and overexploitation of prey, mainly due to the widespread use of non-selective fishing gear.


5. National Board for Wildlife (NBWL)


  • It is a “Statutory Organization” constituted under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. 
  • Its role is “advisory” in nature and advises the Central Government on framing policies and measures for conservation of wildlife in the country.
  • Primary function of the Board is to promote the conservation and development of wildlife and forests.
  • It has power to review all wildlife-related matters and approve projects in and around national parks and sanctuaries
  • No alternation of boundaries in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries can be done without approval of the NBWL
  •  The NBWL is chaired by the Prime Minister. It has 47 members including the Prime Minister. Among these, 19 members are ex-officio members. Other members include three Members of Parliament (two from Lok Sabha and one from Rajya Sabha), five NGOs and 10 eminent ecologists, conservationists and environmentalists.

6. Wildlife Institute of India (WII)


  • The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India
  • WII carries out wildlife research in areas of study like Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Wildlife Policy, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Forensics, Spatial Modeling, Eco-development, Habitat Ecology and Climate Change
  •  It has contributed in studying and protecting wildlife in India and also has popularized wildlife studies and careers.
  • The institute is based in Dehradun, India.


7. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

  •  IUCN was founded in October 1948 as the International Union for the Protection of Nature (or IUPN) following an international conference in Fontainebleau, France.
  • It was renamed as International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1956 with the acronym IUCN
  • IUCN is the world’s first global environmental union. Today it is the largest professional global conservation network
  •  The Union’s HQ is located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland
  • The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies



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